Palmares, or Quilombo dos Palmares, was a settlement of fugitive slaves established gradually from the early 1600s to 1694, about 60k inland from the northeast coast of Brazil around the regions of Pernambuco and Alagoas. Estimates indicated that 10,000 to 20,000 fugitive slaves, native Brazilians, and various outcast groups (such as Jews and Muslims) inhabited Palmares throughout the period.
Portuguese colonization, particularly from 1570, brought sugar cane plantations to the northeast coast of Brazil, utilizing, as labor, enslaved Africans and native peoples. Some of the slaves and native Americans resisted and established small settlements or quilombos in the area of Pernambuco, where palm trees abounded (thus the name Palmares).
Illustrative of its complexity, Quilombo dos Palmares in 1640 was described as comprising several separate settlements which pledged their loyalty to one leader (chief). Two of the settlements were mostly of Indigenous origin (Subupira e Tabocas); one of the Portuguese colonists who joined the quilombo (Amaro), and seven Bantos, that is, settlements of fugitive slaves (Andalaquituche, Macaco, Aqualtene, Ambrabanga, Tabocas, Zumbi, Arotiene). With its capital in Macaco, Palmares possessed a complex social structure, replicating, in many instances, African political systems.
When the Portuguese lost control of the region to the Dutch in the 1630s, the new colonial rulers continued the military campaign of the earlier Portuguese to bring Palmares under control. They were no more successful than their predecessors, and the quilombo continued to grow. In 1654, when Portugal regained control of the area, it resumed its attempts to conquer Palmares.
Portuguese military forces and mill owners in the region attempted to regain control over the quilombo for the next forty years. Ganga-Zumba, the Palmares chief during the latter part of this period, tried to negotiate an agreement with the Portuguese where the quilombo would no longer accept fugitive slaves or fight the Portuguese in exchange for permanent recognition of their land and freedom for those born in Palmares. However, Zumbi, the settlement’s military leader, chose resistance to the Portuguese. The Portuguese never accepted Ganga-Zumbi’s proposal and continued to attack the quilombo. Finally, in 1694, Palmares was conquered and destroyed by a military force under the command of Domingos Jorge Velho. Zumbi was killed one year later in 1695.
Palmares was a multifaceted quasi-state that lasted for most of the 17th Century, resisting attack by two European powers. Known for challenging Dutch and Portuguese sovereignty in Brazil, Palmares was a symbol of resistance to colonialism and the possibility of multicultural coexistence.
However, the destruction of Palmares failed to stem the emergence of hundreds, perhaps thousands of smaller quilombos throughout Brazil. Nor did it prevent countless other acts of resistance that undermined planter domination even after the abolition of slavery in 1888. Cheney describes how the legend of the Quilombo dos Palmares inspired a 1988 constitutional amendment that extended land rights to the descendants of fugitive slaves. Thousands of “modern quilombos” have petitioned for government recognition while organizing mass movement in the countryside that has won concessions from local landowners and pressured elected officials to implement affirmative action policies in other areas. In 2015, the specter of Palmares looms large over Brazil.
Megathreads and spaces to hang out:
- ❤️ Come listen to music and Watch movies with your fellow Hexbears nerd, in Cy.tube
- 💖 Come talk in the New Weekly Queer thread
- 💛 Read and talk about a current topics in the News Megathread
- 💚 Come and talk in the Daily Bloomer Thread
- ⭐️ September Movie Nominations ⭐️
reminders:
- 💚 You nerds can join specific comms to see posts about all sorts of topics
- 💙 Hexbear’s algorithm prioritizes comments over upbears
- 💜 Sorting by new you nerd
- 🌈 If you ever want to make your own megathread, you can reserve a spot here nerd
- 🐶 Join the unofficial Hexbear-adjacent Mastodon instance toots.matapacos.dog
Links To Resources (Aid and Theory):
Aid:
Theory:
Also haven’t noticed how cute ursal is 🥺
Black Epstein feed sub has been banned
does anyone have link to newest premium ep(JFK part 2) ?a moustache makes a man pretty instead of handsome, i don’t make the rules
Something that’s been on my mind for a little bit is the fact that one of the huge arguments against raising the minimum wage is that businesses will just raise prices of consumer goods or that it will kill jobs.
While this may be true, why do we not have the same scrutiny against landlords for charging such high rent, but workers are supposed to take an oath of poverty?
Been in a massive fucking slump with life these past few months and the past like 5 weeks especially have been hell, but today was like the first good productive day I’ve had in a really long time. I cleaned up my kitchen, cooked food, cleaned up my apartment, tons of shit. I finally feel like I’m ready to take on life again
deleted by creator
deleted by creator
Just finished reading Ender’s Game with a kid I tutor
Wild to me how a conservative like Orson Scott Card was a diligent enough writer to write his way out of the narrow bounds of American conservative thought, seemingly by accident, and then scramble at the end to justify why this enemy (the aliens) is actually fine to kill even though the ethos behind every previous chapter seemed to be about Ender learning why competition and victory robs you of your humanity and happiness by forcing you to kill what you come to know best, even love: your opponent.
Edit: In retrospect it’s a similar experience to when I read that book On Killing by that psycho David Grossman. He spends so much time giving good examples and reasons for why killing is in so many ways an act that we are naturally revolted by, painting this picture of man as a creature that would rather collaborate than make war, only to say at the end “but there are some bad hombres out there and you’ll have to fight against all this human programming to do what needs to be done.”
There’s no escaping reactionary thought through exploration alone, it seems
fucking europeans they make their continent the most important thing about history education but the moment you actually utilize that education in a way that doesn’t aggrandize europe suddenly you don’t know shit
Kojima has scanned Timothee Chalamet. He can’t keep getting away with this!
If you’re old enough to be classified as a “military aged male” by a white house ghoul you’re old enough to drink.
The japanese capital moving from Kyoto to Tokyo makes me think someone made a clerical error and the empire was just embarassed to admit it.
I slept horribly because I woke up in the middle of the night, and started thinking about cute guys and hot men and couldn’t fall back asleep
Libs love it when you point out Professor Snape is basically a glorified home economics teacher
Why the fuck is it spiderman’s job to fix multiversal quantum holes? Like yeah they have a crack team of the multiverse’s best or most available spidermen, but why spiderman
