Sputnik 1 (/ˈspʌtnɪk, ˈspʊtnɪk/, ‹See Tfd›Russian: Спутник-1, Satellite 1) was the first artificial Earth satellite. It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program. It sent a radio signal back to Earth for three weeks before its three silver-zinc batteries became depleted. Aerodynamic drag caused it to fall back into the atmosphere on 4 January 1958. The world’s first observation was made at the school observatory in Rodewisch (Saxony).

It was a polished metal sphere 58 cm (23 in) in diameter with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. Its radio signal was easily detectable by amateur radio operators, and the 65° orbital inclination made its flight path cover virtually the entire inhabited Earth.

The satellite’s success was unanticipated by the United States. This precipitated the American Sputnik crisis and triggered the Space Race, part of the Cold War. The launch was the beginning of a new era of political, military, technological, and scientific developments. The word sputnik is Russian for satellite when interpreted in an astronomical context; its other meanings are spouse or traveling companion.

Tracking and studying Sputnik 1 from Earth provided scientists with valuable information. The density of the upper atmosphere could be deduced from its drag on the orbit, and the propagation of its radio signals gave data about the ionosphere.

Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No.1/5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR (now known as the Baikonur Cosmodrome). The satellite traveled at a peak speed of about 8 km/s (18,000 mph), taking 96.20 minutes to complete each orbit. It transmitted on 20.005 and 40.002 MHz, which were monitored by radio operators throughout the world. The signals continued for 22 days until the transmitter batteries depleted on 26 October 1957. On 4 January 1958, after three months in orbit, Sputnik 1 burned up while reentering Earth’s atmosphere, having completed 1,440 orbits of the Earth, and travelling a distance of approximately 70,000,000 km (43,000,000 mi).

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  • homhom9000 [she/her]
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    39 months ago

    My weekend was successfully captured in 1996, when Hey Arnold episode “The List” first aired. Good news is, Grandma saved the day, all I have to do is look up :).

  • viva_la_juche [they/them, any]
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    9 months ago

    M partner always gets on my ass bc I don’t pronounce s’s at the end of syllables when i speak Spanish

    Like calm down, you speak Portuguese where half the words are missing complete syllables from the Iberian Latin words Spanish and Portuguese both descended from. Just bc you updated the orthography don’t mean nothing I saw what you did to the l’s and n’s! Lol

  • ItalianMessiah [he/him]
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    149 months ago

    Holy fuck curry is amazing.

    I thought it would take a long time to make and just be like a normal sauce but this took me 15 minutes and it’s the most flavorful thing I’ve ever eaten. This and rice beats 99% of the meals I’ve ever eaten.

  • Goblinmancer [any]
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    129 months ago

    Hoi4 fallout mod lore is awesome. Communism survived although with infighting in Canada, and the devs actually talked with natives americans and made native americans tribes playable and pretty fun to play.

  • Parzivus [any]
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    179 months ago

    Said it’s actually a bad thing that Cheney endorsed Kamala on Reddit and now my phone won’t stop vibrating. Surely the people in my replies aren’t defending a war criminal clueless

  • 2Password2Remember [he/him]
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    219 months ago

    im about to get high at 130 pm because i just accepted a job offer but i dont start working until the beginning of next month. im finally free from linkedin

    Death to America

  • buh [she/her]
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    169 months ago

    “ugh, I dont feel like thinking about politics today” logs on to hexbear for the 1500th day in a row

  • Old news, but it’s also a fun fact: Claudia De La Cruz is actually the candidate for two parties. The workers party got her on a state ballot by choosing to nominate the PSL candidate as theirs after gaining ballot access.

  • Person [he/him]
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    129 months ago

    I have a few friends who have mentioned to me that they barely do any work at their job, especially remote workers. One of them says they literally only work 6 hours a week.

    Is this common??

    For the past like 3 years I’ve been at a very micro-managey company that incessantly tracks time, so I’ve been pulling a solid 40+ hours a week. Job security is good, but damn, if I could go work somewhere where I can slack off more, that time would be invaluable. I’d love to read more

  • ashinadash [she/her]
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    119 months ago

    Realising that you are actually unironically just not a remotely smart person hero-pain and then whining about it online

  • Rojo27 [he/him]
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    109 months ago

    Crush was feeling down towards the end of the day since she was inundated with work. Said she might call out tomorrow. Think I might just check up on her tomorrow see if she’s feeling any better if we don’t see each other. When we were on our down period two months ago I kind of got in my own head and kept thinking that maybe I had done something upset her even though she had told me that she was feeling worn out from work.