Zig

const std = @import("std");
const List = std.ArrayList;
const Map = std.AutoHashMap;

const tokenizeScalar = std.mem.tokenizeScalar;
const splitScalar = std.mem.splitScalar;
const parseInt = std.fmt.parseInt;
const print = std.debug.print;
const contains = std.mem.containsAtLeast;
const eql = std.mem.eql;

var gpa = std.heap.GeneralPurposeAllocator(.{}){};
const alloc = gpa.allocator();

const Answer = struct {
    middle_sum: i32,
    reordered_sum: i32,
};

pub fn solve(input: []const u8) !Answer {
    var rows = splitScalar(u8, input, '\n');

    // key is a page number and value is a
    // list of pages to be printed before it
    var rules = Map(i32, List(i32)).init(alloc);
    var pages = List([]i32).init(alloc);
    defer {
        var iter = rules.iterator();
        while (iter.next()) |rule| {
            rule.value_ptr.deinit();
        }
        rules.deinit();
        pages.deinit();
    }

    var parse_rules = true;
    while (rows.next()) |row| {
        if (eql(u8, row, "")) {
            parse_rules = false;
            continue;
        }

        if (parse_rules) {
            var rule_pair = tokenizeScalar(u8, row, '|');
            const rule = try rules.getOrPut(try parseInt(i32, rule_pair.next().?, 10));
            if (!rule.found_existing) {
                rule.value_ptr.* = List(i32).init(alloc);
            }
            try rule.value_ptr.*.append(try parseInt(i32, rule_pair.next().?, 10));
        } else {
            var page = List(i32).init(alloc);
            var page_list = tokenizeScalar(u8, row, ',');
            while (page_list.next()) |list| {
                try page.append(try parseInt(i32, list, 10));
            }
            try pages.append(try page.toOwnedSlice());
        }
    }

    var middle_sum: i32 = 0;
    var reordered_sum: i32 = 0;

    var wrong_order = false;
    for (pages.items) |page| {
        var index: usize = page.len - 1;
        while (index > 0) : (index -= 1) {
            var page_rule = rules.get(page[index]) orelse continue;

            // check the rest of the pages
            var remaining: usize = 0;
            while (remaining < page[0..index].len) {
                if (contains(i32, page_rule.items, 1, &[_]i32{page[remaining]})) {
                    // re-order the wrong page
                    const element = page[remaining];
                    page[remaining] = page[index];
                    page[index] = element;
                    wrong_order = true;

                    if (rules.get(element)) |next_rule| {
                        page_rule = next_rule;
                    }

                    continue;
                }
                remaining += 1;
            }
        }
        if (wrong_order) {
            reordered_sum += page[(page.len - 1) / 2];
            wrong_order = false;
        } else {
            // middle page number
            middle_sum += page[(page.len - 1) / 2];
        }
    }
    return Answer{ .middle_sum = middle_sum, .reordered_sum = reordered_sum };
}

pub fn main() !void {
    const answer = try solve(@embedFile("input.txt"));
    print("Part 1: {d}\n", .{answer.middle_sum});
    print("Part 2: {d}\n", .{answer.reordered_sum});
}

test "test input" {
    const answer = try solve(@embedFile("test.txt"));
    try std.testing.expectEqual(143, answer.middle_sum);
    try std.testing.expectEqual(123, answer.reordered_sum);
}

Julia

No really proud of todays solution. Probably because I started too late today.

I used a dictionary with the numbers that should be in front of any given number. Then I checked if they appear after that number. Part1 check. For part 2 I just hoped for the best that ordering it would work by switching each two problematic entries and it worked.

::: spoiler

function readInput(inputFile::String)
	f = open(inputFile,"r"); lines::Vector{String} = readlines(f); close(f)
	updates::Vector{Vector{Int}} = []
	pageOrderingRules = Dict{Int,Vector{Int}}()
	readRules::Bool = true #switch off after rules are read, then read updates
	for (i,line) in enumerate(lines)
		line=="" ? (readRules=false;continue) : nothing
		if readRules
			values::Vector{Int} = map(x->parse(Int,x),split(line,"|"))
			!haskey(pageOrderingRules,values[2]) ? pageOrderingRules[values[2]]=Vector{Int}() : nothing
			push!(pageOrderingRules[values[2]],values[1])
		else #read updates
			push!(updates,map(x->parse(Int,x),split(line,",")))
		end
	end
	return updates, pageOrderingRules
end

function checkUpdateInOrder(update::Vector{Int},pageOrderingRules::Dict{Int,Vector{Int}})::Bool
	inCorrectOrder::Bool = true
	for i=1 : length(update)-1
		for j=i+1 : length(update)
			!haskey(pageOrderingRules,update[i]) ? continue : nothing
			update[j] in pageOrderingRules[update[i]] ? inCorrectOrder=false : nothing
		end
		!inCorrectOrder ? break : nothing
	end
	return inCorrectOrder
end

function calcMidNumSum(updates::Vector{Vector{Int}},pageOrderingRules::Dict{Int,Vector{Int}})::Int
	midNumSum::Int = 0
	for update in updates
		checkUpdateInOrder(update,pageOrderingRules) ? midNumSum+=update[Int(ceil(length(update)/2))] : nothing
	end
	return midNumSum
end

function calcMidNumSumForCorrected(updates::Vector{Vector{Int}},pageOrderingRules::Dict{Int,Vector{Int}})::Int
	midNumSum::Int = 0
	for update in updates
		inCorrectOrder::Bool = checkUpdateInOrder(update,pageOrderingRules)
		inCorrectOrder ? continue : nothing #skip already correct updates
		while !inCorrectOrder
			for i=1 : length(update)-1
				for j=i+1 : length(update)
					!haskey(pageOrderingRules,update[i]) ? continue : nothing
					if update[j] in pageOrderingRules[update[i]]
						mem::Int = update[i]; update[i] = update[j]; update[j]=mem #switch entries
					end
				end
			end
			inCorrectOrder = checkUpdateInOrder(update,pageOrderingRules)
		end
		midNumSum += update[Int(ceil(length(update)/2))]
	end
	return midNumSum
end

updates, pageOrderingRules = readInput("day05Input")
println("part 1 sum: $(calcMidNumSum(updates,pageOrderingRules))")
println("part 2 sum: $(calcMidNumSumForCorrected(updates,pageOrderingRules))")

:::

Go

Using a map to store u|v relations. Part 2 sorting with a custom compare function worked very nicely

func main() {
	file, _ := os.Open("input.txt")
	defer file.Close()
	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(file)

	mapPages := make(map[string][]string)
	rulesSection := true
	middleSumOk := 0
	middleSumNotOk := 0

	for scanner.Scan() {
		line := scanner.Text()
		if line == "" {
			rulesSection = false
			continue
		}

		if rulesSection {
			parts := strings.Split(line, "|")
			u, v := parts[0], parts[1]
			mapPages[u] = append(mapPages[u], v)
		} else {
			update := strings.Split(line, ",")
			isOk := true

			for i := 1; i < len(update); i++ {
				u, v := update[i-1], update[i]
				if !slices.Contains(mapPages[u], v) {
					isOk = false
					break
				}
			}

			middlePos := len(update) / 2
			if isOk {
				middlePage, _ := strconv.Atoi(update[middlePos])
				middleSumOk += middlePage
			} else {
				slices.SortFunc(update, func(u, v string) int {
					if slices.Contains(mapPages[u], v) {
						return -1
					} else if slices.Contains(mapPages[v], u) {
						return 1
					}
					return 0
				})
				middlePage, _ := strconv.Atoi(update[middlePos])
				middleSumNotOk += middlePage
			}
		}
	}

	fmt.Println("Part 1:", middleSumOk)
	fmt.Println("Part 2:", middleSumNotOk)
}

Haskell

I should probably have used sortBy instead of this ad-hoc selection sort.

import Control.Arrow
import Control.Monad
import Data.Char
import Data.List qualified as L
import Data.Map
import Data.Set
import Data.Set qualified as S
import Text.ParserCombinators.ReadP

parse = (,) <$> (fromListWith S.union <$> parseOrder) <*> (eol *> parseUpdate)
parseOrder = endBy (flip (,) <$> (S.singleton <$> parseInt <* char '|') <*> parseInt) eol
parseUpdate = endBy (sepBy parseInt (char ',')) eol
parseInt = read <$> munch1 isDigit
eol = char '\n'

verify :: Map Int (Set Int) -> [Int] -> Bool
verify m = and . (zipWith fn <*> scanl (flip S.insert) S.empty)
  where
    fn a = flip S.isSubsetOf (findWithDefault S.empty a m)

getMiddle = ap (!!) ((`div` 2) . length)

part1 m = sum . fmap getMiddle

getOrigin :: Map Int (Set Int) -> Set Int -> Int
getOrigin m l = head $ L.filter (S.disjoint l . preds) (S.toList l)
  where
    preds = flip (findWithDefault S.empty) m

order :: Map Int (Set Int) -> Set Int -> [Int]
order m s
  | S.null s = []
  | otherwise = h : order m (S.delete h s)
    where
      h = getOrigin m s

part2 m = sum . fmap (getMiddle . order m . S.fromList)

main = getContents >>= print . uncurry runParts . fst . last . readP_to_S parse
runParts m = L.partition (verify m) >>> (part1 m *** part2 m)

Nim

Solution: sort numbers using custom rules and compare if sorted == original. Part 2 is trivial.
Runtime for both parts: 1.05 ms

proc parseRules(input: string): Table[int, seq[int]] =
  for line in input.splitLines():
    let pair = line.split('|')
    let (a, b) = (pair[0].parseInt, pair[1].parseInt)
    discard result.hasKeyOrPut(a, newSeq[int]())
    result[a].add b

proc solve(input: string): AOCSolution[int, int] =
  let chunks = input.split("\n\n")
  let later = parseRules(chunks[0])
  for line in chunks[1].splitLines():
    let numbers = line.split(',').map(parseInt)
    let sorted = numbers.sorted(cmp =
      proc(a,b: int): int =
        if a in later and b in later[a]: -1
        elif b in later and a in later[b]: 1
        else: 0
    )
    if numbers == sorted:
      result.part1 += numbers[numbers.len div 2]
    else:
      result.part2 += sorted[sorted.len div 2]

Codeberg repo

Python

sort using a compare function

from math import floor
from pathlib import Path
from functools import cmp_to_key
cwd = Path(__file__).parent

def parse_protocol(path):

  with path.open("r") as fp:
    data = fp.read().splitlines()

  rules = data[:data.index('')]
  page_to_rule = {r.split('|')[0]:[] for r in rules}
  [page_to_rule[r.split('|')[0]].append(r.split('|')[1]) for r in rules]

  updates = list(map(lambda x: x.split(','), data[data.index('')+1:]))

  return page_to_rule, updates

def sort_pages(pages, page_to_rule):

  compare_pages = lambda page1, page2:\
    0 if page1 not in page_to_rule or page2 not in page_to_rule[page1] else -1

  return sorted(pages, key = cmp_to_key(compare_pages))

def solve_problem(file_name, fix):

  page_to_rule, updates = parse_protocol(Path(cwd, file_name))

  to_print = [temp_p[int(floor(len(pages)/2))] for pages in updates
              if (not fix and (temp_p:=pages) == sort_pages(pages, page_to_rule))
              or (fix and (temp_p:=sort_pages(pages, page_to_rule)) != pages)]

  return sum(map(int,to_print))

C#

using QuickGraph;
using QuickGraph.Algorithms.TopologicalSort;
public class Day05 : Solver
{
  private List<int[]> updates;
  private List<int[]> updates_ordered;

  public void Presolve(string input) {
    var blocks = input.Trim().Split("\n\n");
    List<(int, int)> rules = new();
    foreach (var line in blocks[0].Split("\n")) {
      var pair = line.Split('|');
      rules.Add((int.Parse(pair[0]), int.Parse(pair[1])));
    }
    updates = new();
    updates_ordered = new();
    foreach (var line in input.Trim().Split("\n\n")[1].Split("\n")) {
      var update = line.Split(',').Select(int.Parse).ToArray();
      updates.Add(update);

      var graph = new AdjacencyGraph<int, Edge<int>>();
      graph.AddVertexRange(update);
      graph.AddEdgeRange(rules
        .Where(rule => update.Contains(rule.Item1) && update.Contains(rule.Item2))
        .Select(rule => new Edge<int>(rule.Item1, rule.Item2)));
      List<int> ordered_update = [];
      new TopologicalSortAlgorithm<int, Edge<int>>(graph).Compute(ordered_update);
      updates_ordered.Add(ordered_update.ToArray());
    }
  }

  public string SolveFirst() => updates.Zip(updates_ordered)
    .Where(unordered_ordered => unordered_ordered.First.SequenceEqual(unordered_ordered.Second))
    .Select(unordered_ordered => unordered_ordered.First)
    .Select(update => update[update.Length / 2])
    .Sum().ToString();

  public string SolveSecond() => updates.Zip(updates_ordered)
    .Where(unordered_ordered => !unordered_ordered.First.SequenceEqual(unordered_ordered.Second))
    .Select(unordered_ordered => unordered_ordered.Second)
    .Select(update => update[update.Length / 2])
    .Sum().ToString();
}

Kotlin

That was an easy one, once you define a comparator function. (At least when you have a sorting function in your standard-library.) The biggest part was the parsing. lol

import kotlin.text.Regex

fun main() {
    fun part1(input: List<String>): Int = parseInput(input).sumOf { if (it.isCorrectlyOrdered()) it[it.size / 2].pageNumber else 0 }

    fun part2(input: List<String>): Int = parseInput(input).sumOf { if (!it.isCorrectlyOrdered()) it.sorted()[it.size / 2].pageNumber else 0 }

    val testInput = readInput("Day05_test")
    check(part1(testInput) == 143)
    check(part2(testInput) == 123)

    val input = readInput("Day05")
    part1(input).println()
    part2(input).println()
}

fun parseInput(input: List<String>): List<List<Page>> {
    val (orderRulesStrings, pageSequencesStrings) = input.filter { it.isNotEmpty() }.partition { Regex("""\d+\|\d+""").matches(it) }

    val orderRules = orderRulesStrings.map { with(it.split('|')) { this[0].toInt() to this[1].toInt() } }
    val orderRulesX = orderRules.map { it.first }.toSet()
    val pages = orderRulesX.map { pageNumber ->
        val orderClasses = orderRules.filter { it.first == pageNumber }.map { it.second }
        Page(pageNumber, orderClasses)
    }.associateBy { it.pageNumber }

    val pageSequences = pageSequencesStrings.map { sequenceString ->
        sequenceString.split(',').map { pages[it.toInt()] ?: Page(it.toInt(), emptyList()) }
    }

    return pageSequences
}

/*
 * An order class is an equivalence class for every page with the same page to be printed before.
 */
data class Page(val pageNumber: Int, val orderClasses: List<Int>): Comparable<Page> {
    override fun compareTo(other: Page): Int =
        if (other.pageNumber in orderClasses) -1
        else if (pageNumber in other.orderClasses) 1
        else 0
}

fun List<Page>.isCorrectlyOrdered(): Boolean = this == this.sorted()

Uiua

This is the first one that caused me some headache because I didn’t read the instructions carefully enough.
I kept trying to create a sorted list for when all available pages were used, which got me stuck in an endless loop.

Another fun part was figuring out to use memberof (∈) instead of find (⌕) in the last line of FindNext. So much time spent on debugging other areas of the code

Run with example input here

FindNext ← ⊙(
  ⊡1⍉,
  ⊃▽(▽¬)⊸∈
  ⊙⊙(⊡0⍉.)
  :⊙(⟜(▽¬∈))
)

# find the order of pages for a given set of rules
FindOrder ← (
  ◴♭.
  []
  ⍢(⊂FindNext|⋅(>1⧻))
  ⊙◌⊂
)

PartOne ← (
  &rs ∞ &fo "input-5.txt"
  ∩°□°⊟⊜□¬⌕"\n\n".
  ⊙(⊜(□⊜⋕≠@,.)≠@\n.↘1)
  ⊜(⊜⋕≠@|.)≠@\n.

  ⊙.
  ¤
  ⊞(◡(°□:)
    ⟜:⊙(°⊟⍉)
    =2+∩∈
    ▽
    FindOrder
    ⊸≍°□:
    ⊙◌
  )
  ≡◇(⊡⌊÷2⧻.)▽♭
  /+
)

PartTwo ← (
  &rs ∞ &fo "input-5.txt"
  ∩°□°⊟⊜□¬⌕"\n\n".
  ⊙(⊜(□⊜⋕≠@,.)≠@\n.↘1)
  ⊜(⊜⋕≠@|.)≠@\n.
  ⊙.
  ⍜¤⊞(
    ◡(°□:)
    ⟜:⊙(°⊟⍉)
    =2+∩∈
    ▽
    FindOrder
    ⊸≍°□:
    ⊟∩□
  )
  ⊙◌
  ⊃(⊡0)(⊡1)⍉
  ≡◇(⊡⌊÷2⧻.)▽¬≡°□
  /+
)

&p "Day 5:"
&pf "Part 1: "
&p PartOne
&pf "Part 2: "
&p PartTwo

Rust

Real thinker. Messed around with a couple solutions before this one. The gist is to take all the pairwise comparisons given and record them for easy access in a ranking matrix.

For the sample input, this grid would look like this (I left out all the non-present integers, but it would be a 98 x 98 grid where all the empty spaces are filled with Ordering::Equal):

   13 29 47 53 61 75 97
13  =  >  >  >  >  >  >
29  <  =  >  >  >  >  >
47  <  <  =  <  <  >  >
53  <  <  >  =  >  >  >
61  <  <  >  <  =  >  >
75  <  <  <  <  <  =  >
97  <  <  <  <  <  <  =

I discovered this can’t be used for a total order on the actual puzzle input because there were cycles in the pairs given (see how rust changed sort implementations as of 1.81). I used usize for convenience (I did it with u8 for all the pair values originally, but kept having to cast over and over as usize). Didn’t notice a performance difference, but I’m sure uses a bit more memory.

Also I Liked the simple_grid crate a little better than the grid one. Will have to refactor that out at some point.

use std::{cmp::Ordering, fs::read_to_string};

use simple_grid::Grid;

type Idx = (usize, usize);
type Matrix = Grid<Ordering>;
type Page = Vec<usize>;

fn parse_input(input: &str) -> (Vec<Idx>, Vec<Page>) {
    let split: Vec<&str> = input.split("\n\n").collect();
    let (pair_str, page_str) = (split[0], split[1]);
    let pairs = parse_pairs(pair_str);
    let pages = parse_pages(page_str);
    (pairs, pages)
}

fn parse_pairs(input: &str) -> Vec<Idx> {
    input
        .lines()
        .map(|l| {
            let (a, b) = l.split_once('|').unwrap();
            (a.parse().unwrap(), b.parse().unwrap())
        })
        .collect()
}

fn parse_pages(input: &str) -> Vec<Page> {
    input
        .lines()
        .map(|l| -> Page {
            l.split(",")
                .map(|d| d.parse::<usize>().expect("invalid digit"))
                .collect()
        })
        .collect()
}

fn create_matrix(pairs: &[Idx]) -> Matrix {
    let max = *pairs
        .iter()
        .flat_map(|(a, b)| [a, b])
        .max()
        .expect("iterator is non-empty")
        + 1;
    let mut matrix = Grid::new(max, max, vec![Ordering::Equal; max * max]);
    for (a, b) in pairs {
        matrix.replace_cell((*a, *b), Ordering::Less);
        matrix.replace_cell((*b, *a), Ordering::Greater);
    }
    matrix
}

fn valid_pages(pages: &[Page], matrix: &Matrix) -> usize {
    pages
        .iter()
        .filter_map(|p| {
            if check_order(p, matrix) {
                Some(p[p.len() / 2])
            } else {
                None
            }
        })
        .sum()
}

fn fix_invalid_pages(pages: &mut [Page], matrix: &Matrix) -> usize {
    pages
        .iter_mut()
        .filter(|p| !check_order(p, matrix))
        .map(|v| {
            v.sort_by(|a, b| *matrix.get((*a, *b)).unwrap());
            v[v.len() / 2]
        })
        .sum()
}

fn check_order(page: &[usize], matrix: &Matrix) -> bool {
    page.is_sorted_by(|a, b| *matrix.get((*a, *b)).unwrap() == Ordering::Less)
}

pub fn solve() {
    let input = read_to_string("inputs/day05.txt").expect("read file");
    let (pairs, mut pages) = parse_input(&input);
    let matrix = create_matrix(&pairs);
    println!("Part 1: {}", valid_pages(&pages, &matrix));
    println!("Part 2: {}", fix_invalid_pages(&mut pages, &matrix));
}

On github

*Edit: I did try switching to just using std::collections::HashMap, but it was 0.1 ms slower on average than using the simple_grid::Grid… Vec[idx] access is faster maybe?

I’ve got a “smart” solution and a really dumb one. I’ll start with the smart one (incomplete but you can infer). I did four different ways to try to get it faster, less memory, etc.

// this is from a nuget package. My Mathy roommate told me this was a topological sort.
// It's also my preferred, since it'd perform better on larger data sets.
return lines
    .AsParallel()
    .Where(line => !IsInOrder(GetSoonestOccurrences(line), aggregateRules))
    .Sum(line => line.StableOrderTopologicallyBy(
            getDependencies: page =>
                aggregateRules.TryGetValue(page, out var mustPreceed) ? mustPreceed.Intersect(line) : Enumerable.Empty<Page>())
        .Middle()
    );

The dumb solution. These comparisons aren’t fully transitive. I can’t believe it works.

public static SortedSet<Page> Sort3(Page[] line,
    Dictionary<Page, System.Collections.Generic.HashSet<Page>> rules)
{
    // how the hell is this working?
    var sorted = new SortedSet<Page>(new Sort3Comparer(rules));
    foreach (var page in line)
        sorted.Add(page);
    return sorted;
}

public static Page[] OrderBy(Page[] line, Dictionary<Page, System.Collections.Generic.HashSet<Page>> rules)
{
    return line.OrderBy(identity, new Sort3Comparer(rules)).ToArray();
}

sealed class Sort3Comparer : IComparer<Page>
{
    private readonly Dictionary<Page, System.Collections.Generic.HashSet<Page>> _rules;

    public Sort3Comparer(Dictionary<Page, System.Collections.Generic.HashSet<Page>> rules) => _rules = rules;

    public int Compare(Page x, Page y)
    {
        if (_rules.TryGetValue(x, out var xrules))
        {
            if (xrules.Contains(y))
                return -1;
        }

        if (_rules.TryGetValue(y, out var yrules))
        {
            if (yrules.Contains(x))
                return 1;
        }

        return 0;
    }
}

Elixir

defmodule AdventOfCode.Solution.Year2024.Day05 do
  use AdventOfCode.Solution.SharedParse

  @impl true
  def parse(input) do
    [rules, pages_list] =
      String.split(input, "\n\n", limit: 2) |> Enum.map(&String.split(&1, "\n", trim: true))

    {for(rule <- rules, do: String.split(rule, "|") |> Enum.map(&String.to_integer/1))
     |> MapSet.new(),
     for(pages <- pages_list, do: String.split(pages, ",") |> Enum.map(&String.to_integer/1))}
  end

  def part1({rules, pages_list}), do: solve(rules, pages_list, false)

  def part2({rules, pages_list}), do: solve(rules, pages_list, true)

  def solve(rules, pages_list, negate) do
    for pages <- pages_list, reduce: 0 do
      total ->
        ordered = Enum.sort(pages, &([&1, &2] in rules))

        if negate != (ordered == pages),
          do: total + Enum.at(ordered, div(length(ordered), 2)),
          else: total
    end
  end
end

Nim

import ../aoc, strutils, sequtils, tables

type
  Rules = ref Table[int, seq[int]]

#check if an update sequence is valid
proc valid(update:seq[int], rules:Rules):bool =
  for pi, p in update:
    for r in rules.getOrDefault(p):
      let ri = update.find(r)
      if ri != -1 and ri < pi:
        return false
  return true

proc backtrack(p:int, index:int, update:seq[int], rules: Rules, sorted: var seq[int]):bool =
  if index == 0:
    sorted[index] = p
    return true
  
  for r in rules.getOrDefault(p):
    if r in update and r.backtrack(index-1, update, rules, sorted):
      sorted[index] = p
      return true
  
  return false

#fix an invalid sequence
proc fix(update:seq[int], rules: Rules):seq[int] =
  echo "fixing", update
  var sorted = newSeqWith(update.len, 0);
  for p in update:
    if p.backtrack(update.len-1, update, rules, sorted):
      return sorted
  return @[]

proc solve*(input:string): array[2,int] =
  let parts = input.split("\r\n\r\n");
  
  let rulePairs = parts[0].splitLines.mapIt(it.strip.split('|').map(parseInt))
  let updates = parts[1].splitLines.mapIt(it.split(',').map(parseInt))
  
  # fill rules table
  var rules = new Rules
  for rp in rulePairs:
    if rules.hasKey(rp[0]):
      rules[rp[0]].add rp[1];
    else:
      rules[rp[0]] = @[rp[1]]
      
  # fill reverse rules table
  var backRules = new Rules
  for rp in rulePairs:
    if backRules.hasKey(rp[1]):
      backRules[rp[1]].add rp[0];
    else:
      backRules[rp[1]] = @[rp[0]]
  
  for u in updates:
    if u.valid(rules):
      result[0] += u[u.len div 2]
    else:
      let uf = u.fix(backRules)
      result[1] += uf[uf.len div 2]

I thought of doing a sort at first, but dismissed it for some reason, so I came up with this slow and bulky recursive backtracking thing which traverses the rules as a graph until it reaches a depth equal to the given sequence. Not my finest work, but it does solve the puzzle :)

Rust

Used a sorted/unsorted comparison to solve the first part, the second part was just filling out the else branch.

use std::{
    cmp::Ordering,
    collections::HashMap,
    io::{BufRead, BufReader},
};

fn main() {
    let mut lines = BufReader::new(std::fs::File::open("input.txt").unwrap()).lines();

    let mut rules: HashMap<u64, Vec<u64>> = HashMap::default();

    for line in lines.by_ref() {
        let line = line.unwrap();

        if line.is_empty() {
            break;
        }

        let lr = line
            .split('|')
            .map(|el| el.parse::<u64>())
            .collect::<Result<Vec<u64>, _>>()
            .unwrap();

        let left = lr[0];
        let right = lr[1];

        if let Some(values) = rules.get_mut(&left) {
            values.push(right);
            values.sort();
        } else {
            rules.insert(left, vec![right]);
        }
    }

    let mut updates: Vec<Vec<u64>> = Vec::default();

    for line in lines {
        let line = line.unwrap();

        let update = line
            .split(',')
            .map(|el| el.parse::<u64>())
            .collect::<Result<Vec<u64>, _>>()
            .unwrap();

        updates.push(update);
    }

    let mut middle_sum = 0;
    let mut fixed_middle_sum = 0;

    for update in updates {
        let mut update_sorted = update.clone();
        update_sorted.sort_by(|a, b| {
            if let Some(rules) = rules.get(a) {
                if rules.contains(b) {
                    Ordering::Less
                } else {
                    Ordering::Equal
                }
            } else {
                Ordering::Equal
            }
        });

        if update.eq(&update_sorted) {
            let middle = update[(update.len() - 1) / 2];
            middle_sum += middle;
        } else {
            let middle = update_sorted[(update_sorted.len() - 1) / 2];
            fixed_middle_sum += middle;
        }
    }

    println!("part1: {} part2: {}", middle_sum, fixed_middle_sum);
}

TypeScript

This one ended up being easier than I thought it was going to be. My algorithm for correcting the incorrect orders needed to be ran multiple times, for some reason

https://github.com/spencersolberg/advent-of-code-2024/tree/main/05